Shot quality is total xG divided by shots: the average chance a team creates or allows. Why volume and quality are separate levers, and where the number breaks down.
Possession value models such as xT, VAEP and OBV put a goal-probability value on every pass, carry and tackle, not just shots. How they differ and where they break down.
A pass network plots each player at their average position and links them by how often they pass to each other. Here is how it is built and how to read one.
Two teams can complete the same number of passes and advance the ball at completely different speeds. Verticality measures how directly a team goes toward goal.
A win is three points whether it was deserved or not. Expected points strips the randomness out of results and asks what a team's performances actually merited.
Assists only credit the final pass before a goal. Shot-creating actions count the two plays before every shot, crediting the buildup that assist totals miss entirely.
Possession counts every touch the same, in your own box or the opponent's. Field tilt measures territory directly, by tracking where the passing actually happens.
A short pass through the right gap can do more damage than a long ball into open space. Packing counts how many defenders a single pass or dribble actually eliminates.